Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics

EVALUATION OF INVITRO AND INVIVO ANTI- OXIDANT AND ANTI- INLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF NEW ISATIN DERVATIVES

2022-05-05

Inflammation is a comprehensive array of physiological response to a foreign organism, including human pathogens, dust particles, and viruses. Inflammations are mainly divided into acute and chronic inflammation depending on various inflammatory processes and cellular mechanisms. Recent investigations have clarified that inflammation is a major factor for the progression of various chronic diseases/disorders, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, eye disorders, arthritis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, synthesised isatin compounds (11-113) were selected and screened in vitro antioxidant, Human RBC membrane stabilisation activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Isatin compounds showed dose dependent in-vitro antioxidant activity in DPPH assay, human RBC membrane stabilisation allay, Isatin 19 and 113 compounds showed dose dependent antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The selected compounds were observed for in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan method. Both the compounds showed dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity. Further studied are needed for the evaluation of other pharmacological activities.

STUDY OF THE ANATOMY OF DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Dr. Divya. C*, Dr. Ashwini. N. S & Dr. Sridevi. N. S — 2022-05-05

Background: The dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) is the largest blood vessel distal to the ankle joint and is the major arterial supply to the forefoot. It is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery that runs along the dorsum of the foot until the 1st intermetatarsal space. The DPA has an important role in clinical settings as the peripheral circulation may be assessed by the palpation of the DPA pulse and also the DPA flap is employed in reconstructive surgeries. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the DPA is of prime importance to podiatrists, surgeons, anatomists and angiographers.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to outline the course, origin, branching patterns and possible variations of the DPA.

Material and methods: The present study included the dissection of fifty cadaveric specimens of the lower limb region. The origin, course and branching patterns of the DPA were studied. The morphological parameters were noted and compared with literature and other studies.

ROLE OF FECAL CALPROTECTIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COW MILK PROTEIN ALLERGY AMONG INFANTS

Dler Nooruldeen Chalabi — 2022-05-05

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is usually the first food allergy to appear, often before the age of 1 year, and maybe mediated by one of the four immunologic reaction types. Genetic inheritance and family history of atopy (like food, cutaneous, respiratory, ….) are considered as CMPA risk factors and should be considered when establishing the diagnosis. After the standard method challenge test suggested probable CMPA, The gold standard method for detection of improvement and confirmation of CMPA is evaluating patient’s clinical symptoms after starting the diet changes.

THYROID HORMONAL ALTERATIONS IN THYROID ABNORMALITY AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER PATIENTS

2022-05-05

Although the effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on body weight have been evidently established, there is no adequate data on the association between the body mass index (BMI) and minor variations within the normal range of thyroid function. The present study was carried out to find the association of fluctuations of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and FT4 and FT3 with BMI in hypothyroid subjects. This study involved 300 hypothyroid and healthy individuals of known weight, age, height and biochemical alteration of the thyroid function. Subjects were classified conferring to BMI and thyroid hormones values. The alterations of normal thyroid function in hypothyroid individuals were connected with body weight changes. A statistically significant positive association between BMI and thyroid function in women was found, while in men the correlation was not statistically significant. The variations in thyroid function are mainly primary, while alterations in body weight are secondary. The reason may be multifactorial or simple and the biological mechanism is not completely known. Lastly, the thyroid function diseases in association with the strong impact of different environmental factors can enhance body weight and lead to obesity.

THE USE OF ACTION RESEARCH BY MEANS OF JOURNAL KEEPING

Mr. B. Medic — 2022-05-05

The article's primary goal is to investigate the value of reflection in teaching and learning activities. The main question is, "How would English teachers recognize their experiences and opinions in reflective practice? It is a qualitative research of English language educators. According to the research findings, reflective practice improves teaching abilities and affects the teaching methods. Teachers must assume, behave, and recognize with tenacity. Resultantly the educational phase is initiated and enhanced. It says that each event has a wealth of lessons to be learned from this practice. English language educators' career competency is aided by critical reflection.

THE IMPACT OF HEMODIALYSIS ON THE BLOOD VELOCITY, BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEMOGLOBIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

2022-05-05

Introduction : Chronic kidney disease characterized by abnormal function and structure of the kidney which is occurs for more than three months with decrease in the glomerular filtration rate less than 60ml/min/1.73 m2 and Albuminuria when the patients reach to state of end stage renal failure ,replacement therapy should be started, therefore, most of these patients require a special procedure Hemodialysis (HD), which is done by having a special device, a hemodialysis machine, and acts as a filter for aqueous products to form blood with natural components. In 20% of HD sessions, a drop in blood pressure may occur due to dialysis. Objective: To measure the impact of HD on blood velocity (BV), blood pressure (BP). Method: A cross-sectional study was adopted to assess the effect of HD on Blood volume and blood pressure level among patients with chronic kidney disease. The study was conducted at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in DhiQar for the period from December 1, 2019 to July 30, 2020 with the participation of 90 patients (50 males and 40 females). They were diagnosed as having chronic kidney disease (CKD) and taking regular treatment in addition to dialysis. The patients were divided into five age groups and their ages ranged between 21-70 years. The study protocol includes measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and BV by Doppler study before and after dialysis. Results: This study shows a significant change in BV and BP before and after HD. Conclusion: hypotension during hemodialysis seems to be common among patients with ESRD maintained on hemodialysis, thus adequate monitoring of BP during dialysis process is essential to avoid any complication ,so it is important to know at which hour of the dialysis the hypotension occurred to make dialysis profile by changing the level of electrolyte on the dialysis set and change the speed of hemofiltration .from the study male gender are more liable to developed CKD so it is important to make fallow up for male with high risk factor for chronic kidney disease especially those with history of diabetes and hypertension.

THE IMPACT OF CURCUMIN ON P53 PATHWAY AS A TARGET FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME, IN-VITRO STUDY

Fatima Mutashar Swadi*, Kamal A. R. Al-Yassiry & Weaam Awad — 2022-06-13

Glioblastoma, abbreviated as (GBM), is regarded as one of the most aggressive tumor of the brain. One of the features of GBM is the high tendency to metastasize and to reccur after treatment. Therapeutic options of GBM are multiple pertaining more than one modality in time. Management lines involve surgery, radiotherapy, and cytotoxic medications. One of the most widely studied anticancer substance is curcumin. Curcumin targets multiple cellular signaling cascades and hence its anticancer effect.

Aim of the study: to discuss curcumin’s anticancer effect through modulation of RB, p53 pathways, which are commonly involved and dys-regulated in GBM models.

Materials and methods: C6 glioma cell-line was utilized as an experimental designing model for assessment of curcumin's activity. Two groups were accustomed in this study; control and drug-exposed groups. Curcumin was prepare in a dose of 2 and µg/ml then applied to group 2, after 24 hours, P53were measured by using real time PCR methodology at statistical analysis applied for the results.

Results: there was clear cut promising results of using Curcumin to reduce the burden of malignant cells by elevating P53 gene level.

Conclusion: using of natural substances, namely, curcumin has a valuable role in treatment of brain malignancies.

L-CARNITINE NANOPARTICLES EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY CHANGES INDUCED BY LEAD ACETATE IN MALE RATS

Hayder Talib Mahdi & Dr. Rashad Fadhil Ghadhban — 2022-06-13

The study's objective is to evaluate the enhanced effect of the L-Carnitine and Nano L-Carnitine on body weight, oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD and NO), lipid profile, and the histopathologic features of the brain (cerebrum) in male rats after inducing toxicity by lead acetate.

Material and methods six groups of adult Wistar albino rats (10 per group) were intubated daily as follows: The first group (control group): received orally Distilled water. The second group: received orally lead acetate at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight daily for 30 days. Third group: received a combination of (lead acetate 30mg/kg B.W. for 30 days + L-carnitine 100mg/ kg B.W. daily for two months). Fourth group: received a combination of (lead acetate 30mg/kg B.W. for 30 days +Nano L-carnitine 100mg/ kg B.W. daily for two months). The fifth group: received L-Carnitine orally at a dose of 100mg/ kg B.W. Daily for two months. The sixth group: Animals received L-Carnitine -N.P.s orally at 100mg/ kg B.W. daily for two months.

The results showed that exposure to Lead Acetate caused a significant decrease in body weight in males’ rate was observed in group lead acetate. At the same time, the lipids profile study showed a significant increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) after exposure to Lead Acetate. While at a dosage of 100mg/kg, L-Carnitine significantly increased HDL-C levels and decreased T.G., T.C., VLDL, and LDL lipid levels in males. This lipid-lowering effect might be due to its antioxidant potential. The lead treatment increased the oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which would be cleared by a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO). The histopathological study showed significant changes in the brain (cerebrum) and Showed Alzheimer's type II astrocytes, characterized by double nuclei surrounded by clear space. Showed intracellular and extracellular vacuoles showed degeneration and necrosis of cortical neurons. At the same time, some of these changes were improved to approximately normal levels after treatment with L-Carnitine (L.C.). The most changes regained the normal levels after treatment with L-Carnitine nanoparticles (LC-NPs) in the experiment.

DEVELOPMENT OF DNA MARKER GENETIC PURITY TESTING OF CHILLI HYBRIDS, AND THEIR PARENTAL LINE

Dr. Sushma Dubey — 2022-06-17

Chilli is the economically important vegetable crops Solanaceae family the ultimate identity of its genetic Composition achieving and maintaining genetic purity in crops is of importance both from agronomic and plant breeding programs we present the potential use if two kinds of PCR based marker like RAPD and ISSR marker to plant genetics can distinguish between the hybrid and its parental line and further utilized for the assessment of genetic purity of the hybrids total 15 primers were used in this study out of which 2 ISSR and 1RAPD primers should polymorphic band between the hybrids and its parental lines likewise UBC-818 showed specific band for hybrid AS-1701 and their parental line likewise UBC-811 showed specific band for hybrid AS-711 and their parental line they represent report is, therefore, a step to protect the plant breeder rights by making use of reliable and modern DNA technologies for the production of good quality seeds sustainability of hybrids.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISER PHASE LIVESTOCK THAT WAS FEEDED BY WASTE BY SKIMAL FISH AS A PARTICULAR CONCENTRATE SUBSTITUTE

Mien Th.R. Lapian* & Vonny RW Rawung — 2022-06-25

The growth of the body of pigs is an illustration to see the productivity of the livestock. The quality of pork production depends on its growth, because good growth will make good production. The ration is one of the important factors in pig farming. In raising pigs, feed is one of the things that must be considered, namely, the quality and quantity of feed in the ration is one of the most important factors in increasing livestock growth and the level of profits achieved by farmers. This research was carried out in Tondegesan village, Kawangkoan sub-district from June 2021 to October 2021. This study used a completely randomized design (Stell and Torrie, 1991) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. An important factor in supporting growth is feed. Feed is a mixture of food ingredients that will be given to livestock. For this reason, research has been carried out on replacing part of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour to see the extent of its effect on body length, height and chest circumference in pigs. The livestock used were 20 pigs aged 13 weeks with an average weight of 61 kg. This study used a completely randomized design method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, with experimental levels of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the partial replacement of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour at levels of 4%, 8% and 12% gave no significant difference. For this reason, research has been carried out on replacing part of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour to see the extent of its effect on body length, height and chest circumference in pigs. The livestock used were 20 pigs aged 13 weeks with an average weight of 61 kg. This study used a completely randomized design method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, with experimental levels of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the partial replacement of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour at levels of 4%, 8% and 12% gave no significant difference. For this reason, research has been carried out on replacing part of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour to see the extent of its effect on body length, height and chest circumference in pigs. The livestock used were 20 pigs aged 13 weeks with an average weight of 61 kg. This study used a completely randomized design method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, with experimental levels of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the partial replacement of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour at levels of 4%, 8% and 12% gave no significant difference. The livestock used were 20 pigs aged 13 weeks with an average weight of 61 kg. This study used a completely randomized design method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, with experimental levels of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the partial replacement of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour at levels of 4%, 8% and 12% gave no significant difference. The livestock used were 20 pigs aged 13 weeks with an average weight of 61 kg. This study used a completely randomized design method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, with experimental levels of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12%. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the partial replacement of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour at levels of 4%, 8% and 12% gave no significant difference.or gave the same impact (P>0.05) on body length, height and chest circumference of pigs. Replacing some of the concentrate with skipjack tuna flour up to a level of 12% gave the same effect

GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND ITS AFFECTING FACTORS IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT BABIL GOVERNORATE, IRAQ

Rihab F. Alabedi* & Zahra’a J. H. Al Ameedi — 2022-06-25

Background: type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency. HbA1c provides the gold standard by which to judge the adequacy of therapy, and the lower HbA1c level, the more likely it is that complications will be less severe, delayed in appearance, or even avoided.

Objective: for evaluation of glycemic control depending on HbA1C and to look for possible factors which were associated with poor control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Babil Governorate.

Materials and Methods: 100 children with type 1 diabetes were included in this cross‑sectional study. The association between different factors and HbA1c level was examined. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: the mean HbA1c level of patients was 9.44 ± 2.28, and only 16% of the patients achieved the target (<7.5). Glycemic control was decreasing with increasing age P = 0.046, poor compliance to diet P = 0.007 and exercise P = 0.004, infrequent home blood sugar checking P = 0.005, and being followed by different doctors P = 0.014.

Conclusion: the rate of glycemic control among type 1 diabetic children and adolescents in Babil Governorate was low. Increasing age, infrequent blood glucose monitoring, noncompliance to diet and daily exercise, and being followed by different doctors are risk factors for poor glycemic control.

BREASTFEEDING ISSUES FACED BY FIRST TIME MOTHERS DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF POSTNATAL PERIOD: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Mrs. Margaret. A, DR. Renuka. K, DR. Manjubala Dash — 2022-06-25

Breastmilk is the ideal and the natural food for a newborn. Breastfeeding does not occur naturally and for the first time mothers they face many difficulties, most commonly breast and nipple problems that adversely affect the continuation of breastfeeding. Aim: To find out the knowledge of the newly breastfeeding mothers related to the benefits and the techniques of breastfeeding and to identify the common breastfeeding issues faced by first time mothers in the first week of the postnatal period. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive research design was carried out with 110 mothers selected by purposive sampling from the postnatal wards of a tertiary care hospital at Pondicherry, India. The data was collected from February 1 -28, 2021 during the 1st week of the immediate postpartum period. A structured interviewing questionnaire containing socio-demographic and maternal variables was used to collect information and the BBAT (Bristol breastfeeding assessment tool) was used to assess the breastfeeding efficiency. Results: Most of the mothers, 67 (60.9%) were in the age group of 20 – 25 years, 66 mothers (60%) were from the urban locality, 57.3% of mothers followed a schedule for breastfeeding their babies and 42.7% followed demand feeding. 83 (75.5%) mothers did not receive any information on breastfeeding during the antenatal period. 46 (41.8%) mothers received some kind of breastfeeding support in the postnatal period. Maximum of mothers, 60 (54.5%) had poor knowledge on breastfeeding, 44 (40%) mothers had average knowledge and only 6 (5.5%) mothers had good knowledge on breastfeeding. Out of the 110 mothers 75 (68.18%) mothers were found with difficulties during breastfeeding in the 1st postnatal week. The common difficulties faced were, 35 (31.8%) mothers had positioning and latching difficulties, 8 (7.3%) mothers faced difficulties with babies suckling, 11 (10%) faced difficulties due to crying babies and not latching effectively,12 (10.9%) mothers had flat nipple, 5 (4.5%) mothers had inverted nipple, 27 (24.5%) mothers had sore nipple problem, 22 (20%) mothers developed breast engorgement, 25 (22.7%) mothers perceived insufficient milk supply for the baby. The % of mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour were more 47(85.45 %) among the mothers delivered by Spontaneous vaginal delivery than with mothers delivered by caesarean section. This study found a significant association between the breastfeeding support received during the postnatal period and the occurrence of breastfeeding problem at p value <0.01. Conclusion: Breastfeeding support received in any form during the immediate postnatal period helps the mothers with positioning and latching and thereby reduces the occurrence of breastfeeding problems.

THE PREVALENCE OF PREMATURE LOSSE OF PRIMARY MOLARS AMONG CHILDREN WHO ATTEND COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY/HILLAH CITY-IRAQ

Sarah Y. AL Khafaji*, Zahraa Mohamed Hussain, Omaima L. Alkhafaji — 2022-06-25

Background: Early loss of deciduous teeth impairs the integrity of thee arch length required for subsequent permanent teeth and can cause crowding, rotation, and impaction of permanent teeth. The purpose of this study evaluates the prevalence of early loss of primary molars at dental collage/Hillah city-Iraq.

Material and method: All clinical examinations were conducted under appropriate lighting by an experienced examiner. a total of 206e children (84 boys and 122 girls) ages between 5 and 10 years were selected for the study. Data including age and missing teeth were collected. The data collected was then analyzed statistically. All statistical analysis are calculated by using SPSS version 26 software. "Categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentages and analyzed with Pearson’s chi-squared test and Cramer, s V test. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. "

Result: Thee study found that the sample 69.83% had early loss of primary teeth with Girls have a higher incidence of primary tooth loss than boys. (59.2%). Both first and second molars affected with premature loss equally. Premature tooth loss was significant in the mandibular left side (36.9%)

Conclusion: Early primary tooth loss was shown to be more common in girls (59.2%) when compared to boys (40.8 %) this was statistically significant (P = 0.03). The left mandibular tooth was most commonly affected (37%) and (35%)in right side then maxillary right (15%) and left (13%), first and second molars are equally affected with premature loss.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE DESIREABLE DIETARY PATTERN OF SMOKING FARMERS IN LIMBOTO BARAT DISTRICT

Sunarto Kadir* & Maimun Abdullah — 2022-06-25

Smoking behavior is among the food security challenges that impact the quality and quantity of food consumption. The level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia, particularly in Gorontalo Province, is relatively high. This research was devoted to finding out the influence of social and economic factors on the desireable dietary pattern of smoking farmers in Limboto Barat District. Social factor consist of Mother's Education and number of family members, while, Economic factor consist of income, food expenditure, non-food expenditure, and cigarette expenditure.

Method: The present work was conducted in Limboto Barat District, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. It was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Moreover, a total of 4,875 families of smoking farmers were involved as the population, only 190 of which were selected as the sample using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included interviews with a questionnaire and DDP table. The collected data were then analyzed applying the t-test assisted by the SPSS program.

Results: It was suggested that the smoking farmers’ families in the site area had high income, low food expenditure, high non-food expenditure, and high cigarette expenditure. Income (p=0.002) and food expenditure (p=0.000) contributed to the DDP score. On the contrary, non-food expenditure (p=0.212) and cigarette expenditure (p=0.314) did not have any effects on the DDP score.

Conclusion: The households of smoking farmers can fulfill the dietary diversity needs as strengthened by the findings that income affects dietary diversity score. Given that most Limboto Barat District farmers have a high income, their dietary diversity is still met, although they have smoking behavior

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SYMPATHETIC SKIN RESPONSE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH NEUROPATHY

2022-06-25

Background: One of the earliest appearances of diabetic autonomic neuropathy is denervation of the cardiovascular system and lack of sympathetic skin response in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients.

Aims of study: To estimated SSR in patients with DPN in type I and type II DM .

Materials and methods: This study included 50 diabetic patients and 100 subject as control . All of the patients have clinical signs of PNP. The patients and controls undergone full assessments that included clinical ,biochemical assessments (measurement of fasting plasma sugar, glycated haemoglobin,) and SSR Test.

Results: The study found (90%) of Diabetic patients include in this study absent the SSR. the results of SSR test show highly statically significant association between patients and control groups( P value 0.001 )

Conclusions: Gender and age are important risk factors of (SSR) test.

CONTRIBUTION OF KINASE INSERT DOMAIN RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS RS2071559,RS2305948, RS1870377 IN THE CAUSATION OF PRE MATURE OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY IN A SOUTH INDIAN COHORT

2022-06-30

Purpose: Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), due to cessation of ovarian function is quite common among women before the age of 40 years.KDR polymorphisms have been found to be associated with susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss among women.The study was undertaken to investigate whether the KDR -604 T>C, 1192 G>A, and 1719 A>T polymorphisms confer risk for POI in South Indian women.

Methods: The study group includes 139 women of age between 21-43 years who have been diagnosed with POI. The genomic DNA was isolated from the blood sample of the study subjects followed by PCR-RFLP for the identification of KDR-604T>C, 1192G˃A, 1719A˃T. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant associations between KDR SNPs and POI.

Results: It was observed that for -604T>C polymorphism all the models including the codominant, TT V s TC: TT Vs CC and dominant model TT Vs+CC, recessive model CC Vs TC+TT; over dominant model TC VsTT+CC, and 1719A>T dominant model AA Vs AT+TT; showed significant association with the pathogenesis of POI. Stratified analyses based on gene-gene interaction revealed that an increased risk was observed among patientsupon interaction of -604T>C TT- 1719A>Tgenotypes.Among the haplotypes for the three KDR loci, the C-G-A haplotype conferred increased POI susceptibility among cases.

Conclusion: The study concluded that KDR -604T>C polymorphism can be considered to be strongly associated with POI.

LYMPHOCYTOPENIA IN COVID-19 : A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

Dr. Jackson Bose S.T*, Dr. Priyanka Pradeep & Dr. Durga Devi — 2022-07-10

Background: Corona Virus Disease which is called commonly as COVID-19 is caused by Novel Corona Virus (SARS-COV-2). This viral disease has spread throughout the world and has caused global emergency. Severe forms of COVID-19 patients had lethal effects resulting in death of the patient. Absolute Lymphocyte count is one of the vital laboratory parameters which is associated with the mortality of the patients with severe COVID-19 infection. This systemic review involves five studies that demonstrates the association between the absolute lymphocyte count on the day of admission and severity of the corona virus disease in patients who were positive for COVID-19.

Materials and methods: Five articles were reviewed which contains 1637 cases in total for which the Absolute lymphocyte count parameter on the day of admission in patients who are diagnosed with positive corona virus disease (COVID-19) using RT-PCR were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups, one group includes patients with non-severe COVID-19 infection and other group with severe COVID-19 infection. Severe COVID-19 is grouped based on the symptoms, ICU admission of the patient.

Results: Out of 1637 cases 1197 cases were in Non severe COVID-19 group and 444 cases were in Severe COVID-19 group. Absolute lymphocyte count was done in all the patients on the day of admission and overall 77.5% of patients had lymphocytopenia and the average cut-off value for lymphocytopenia given by most of the studies included in this review was 1.1 x 10³/ml.

Conclusion: This review of different studies indicate that absolute lymphocyte count can be used as an early indicator to detect lymphocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 disease on the day of admission as it indicates severity of the disease.

PROFILE OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS IN UPPER EGYPT

2022-07-15

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are chronic lysosomal disorders (Seven distinct types) of progressive nature which mostly are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern except for type II (Hunter syndrome), which is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.

Patients and Methods: This study is designed to evaluate the most frequent types of MPS and its presentation in Upper Egypt Governorates. The study was conducted on 92 suspected cases of mucopolysaccharidosis attended to our Genetics Outpatient Clinic in Assiut Children's Hospital. The diagnosis is based on the clinical criteria for diagnosis of MPS and enzymatic assay to establish the diagnosis of this disease and its subtypes, as well as the genetic study of these patients. They were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, family pedigree construction, skeletal survey, abdominal ultrasound, and echocardiography.

Results: Out of 92 suspected cases of MPS, only 60 patients were diagnosed with MPS. The distribution of these cases according to residence (40 patients from Assiut Governorate, 13 patients from Sohag Governorate, 4 patients from Aswan Governorate and 3 patients from El Minia Governorate); according to clinical data present (59 patients had dysostosis multiplex, 43 patients had coarse features, 32 patients had umbilical hernia, 24 patients had intellectual disability, 21 patients had splenomegaly, 15 patients had hepatomegaly, 5 had otitis media); according to echocardiographic findings (23 patients had MR, 3 patients had AR, 3 patients had M.R. and A.R.); according to enzymes deficient (33 patients had α-L-iduronidase deficiency, 16 patients had N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase deficiency, 2 patients had N-acetylglucosaminidase deficiency ,7 patients had Iduronat-2-sulfatase deficiency and 2 patients had N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase deficiency “Aryl-sulphatase”); according to genetic study (8 patients had no mutation, 46 patients had homogenous mutation and 6 patients had heterogeneous mutation).

Conclusion: The number of MPS cases was high in Assiut Governorate than in other upper Egypt Governorates; the dysostosis multiplex, coarse features, umbilical hernia, and intellectual disability were the common clinical presentation for MPS; the most common subtype is type I (α-L-iduronidase deficiency and the most common mutation was homogenous)

MINERAL STATUS OF INFANTS WITH COW'S MILK PROTEIN ALLERGY BEFORE AND AFTER RECEIVING AMINO ACID-BASED FORMULA

2022-07-15

Background: Data on the mineral status of infants with cow's milk allergy (CMPA) consuming an amino acid-based formula (AAF) is limited.

Objectives: The present study aims to assess the mineral status of infants diagnosed with CMPA before and after receiving an AAF for 12 weeks.

Methods: Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and ferritin were determined in 45 infants with cow's milk protein allergy at baseline and after 12 weeks on AAF. In addition, the anthropometric measurement of the studied participants was categorized according to the standardized growth chart to determine the effect of AAF on growth.

Results: In the period from 1^st January 2020 to 31st December 2020 and follow-up extended to 31st March 2021, 45 infants with CMPA were enrolled in the present study 32 were males (71.1%). The median age of the studied cases was 2.5 months and ranged from 2 – 3 months. After 12 weeks on AAF, significant improvement was observed in the clinical presentation, mineral status, and anthropometric measurement of the studied participants.

Conclusions: The results of this study proved that the AAF is an effective formula in providing an adequate mineral status in infants with CMPA.

INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR ON POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTH EAST GEOPOLITICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA

Sheila Nnabuife (Ph.D) — 2022-07-15

Mothers play essential roles in the development of their babies. Postpartum depression can negatively affect the bonding between mother and child. This could pose a problem to an infant’s development. This underscores the need to provide educative information for women before birth so they could recognize symptoms of postpartum depression in order to search for appropriate help. This study investigated information seeking behavior of pregnant women in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria on postpartum depression. This study investigated information seeking behavior of pregnant women in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria on postpartum depression. The four research objectives which guided this study are to ascertain whether pregnant women in the Southeast Nigeria have knowledge of postpartum depression, investigate their sources of information on postpartum depression, investigate the type of information on postpartum depression they seek, to ascertain how often they seek information on postpartum depression, and investigate the constraints to effective use of information on postpartum depression faced by pregnant women in the Southeast Nigeria. The survey research method was used to study a sample of 345 respondents resident in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The findings of this study reveal that pregnant women resident in the Southeast Nigeria were aware of postpartum depression and had some knowledge of the ailment. It was also found that they did not frequently seek information on postpartum depression and the most popular sources through which they seek information on this ailment is through radio and interpersonal channels such as family, friends, workshops and seminars. It was also found that among the constraints which prevented effective utilization of information on postpartum depression was lack of understanding of the information they got, myths which they previously heard about postpartum depression and inability to recognize symptoms of the disease.

DECISION-MAKING MATERNAL IN MALAKA EAST NUSA TENGGARA: HOW DO THE DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS?

2022-07-15

The Maternal and Child Health program receives special attention in health development efforts because women and children are the most vulnerable targets for morbidity and mortality. In some areas, it still shows high mortality cases. One of the provinces that has a high mortality rate in Indonesia is the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT).

AN INNOVATIVE STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD WITH IMPURITY PROFILING OF NIRAPARIB – AN ANTICANCER DRUG IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Venu Gopal Kamani*, Sujatha M & Guna Bhushana Daddala — 2022-07-15

A novel, sensitive and selective HPLC method has been developed, subsequently validated for the validated for the analysis of Niraparib and its impurity 1, Impurity 1 Acyl Glucuronide, impurity 2 in formulations. The separation of Niraparib and its impurities was achieved on Inertsil ODS 3V (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μm) as stationary phase, methanol, 20mM ammonium formate and 0.05% of triethylamine in the ratio of 80:15:5 (V/V) at pH 5.5 (adjusted with formic acid) as mobile phase. The mobile phase was pumped in isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The separated compounds were detected using UV detector at a wavelength of 246 nm. In the optimised conditions, the retention time was observed at 8.10, 11.01, 13.50 and 5.18 min respectively for Niraparib, impurity 1, Impurity 1 Acyl Glucuronide and impurity 2. The method was found to be very sensitive with detection limit of 0.015, 0.045 and 0.024µg/mL for impurity 1, Impurity 1 Acyl Glucuronide and impurity 2 respectively. Good linear correlation was observed wit in the concentration range of 15–120µg/mL for Niraparib and 0.15 – 1.20µg/mL for impurities studied. The results of stress degradation studied confirms that the method can effectively separates the known impurities along with stress degradation compounds and the % degradation was found to be less than 10% in all the stress degradation conditions studied. Hence the method can effectively be utilised for the routine analysis of Niraparib and its impurity 1, Impurity 1 Acyl Glucuronide, impurity 2 in formulation as well as stability studies.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE (HYPOTHYROIDISM) AND BREAST CANCER IN SOME IRAQI WOMEN

Israa Khalaf Aneed, Noori Mohammed Luaibi & Sajid Nader Abdulqader — 2022-07-20

Hypothesized that thyroid hormones deficiency may affect cancer outcome, this assumption was supported by numerous clinical studies, demonstrating that hypothyroidism inhibits tumor growth, while hyperthyroidism produces an opposite effect; thyroid hormones are take major part in normal growth, development and metabolism; over a century of research has supported a relationship between thyroid hormones and the pathophysiology of various cancer types are demonstrated via research an effect of the thyroid hormones on cancer proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness and angiogenesis; case-control and population-based studies provide conflicting results regarding association between thyroid hormones and cancer; however, a large body of evidence suggests that clinical hyperthyroidism increase risk of several solid malignancies while hypothyroidism may reduce aggressiveness or delay the onset of cancer; breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer amongst women and second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world, it has created huge challenges to healthcare providers regarding the identification of main risk factors and how they contribute to the development of the disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between hypothyroidism and breast cancer in women.

CHARACTERIZATION OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME SUBTYPE IN IRAQI PATIENTS

Ola Amer Jasim* & Khalid Mahdi Salih — 2022-07-20

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide and is distinguished by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits that is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, or both. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs). The study lasted from November 2021 to May 2022 and aimed to determine the frequency of IBS subtypes among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of several factors on disease’s initiation, type and severity such as age, gender, and anxiety. The results found that the most common frequent type of disease is constipation type (IBS-c) in comparison with diarrheal (IBS-d) and mixed type (IBS-m). Among all patients, IBS is gender-related and age-related disease, in which patients who are females and at young age (2nd to 3rd decade) are the most affected. However, family history, marital status, occupational status, anxiety, and other GIDs didn’t act as risk factors for getting certain type of IBS.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MONOSACCHARIDE CONCENTRATION WITH INTERLUKIN-6 IN SERA OF TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Noor Khalid Zaidan*, Wisam Mahmood Mohammed & Baraa Ibrahim Abbas — 2022-07-20

Type 1 diabetes is defined by a complete or near-total insulin insufficiency induced by the body's immune system , producing of insulin cells in the Langerhans islets are selectively destroyed. T1DM can be apparently an inflammatory disorder of the pancreatic islets, where a procedure takes place of death programmed cell (apoptosis) combination of activated T-cells and inflammatory mediators in the immunological infiltration elicits in B-cells (1) . Type 1 diabetes patients who had been diagnosed before, with ages ranging from 1 to 30 years for both sexes, were compared (24), a seemingly healthy control group was chosen as a control group. The research was also done to evaluate fasting serum fructose (FSF) and fasting serum mannose (FSM) ,and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 , Many biochemical tests were done for patients and healthy individuals, that were objectively determined in patients and manually controlled such as fasting serum glucose (FSG) , glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) , urea, creatinine , total protein (TP) , uric acid (UA), age ,duration of disease and body mass index (BMI) have been determined . The findings revealed that patients with T1DM had high levels of significance in FGS, HbA1c%, UA, TP and FSF comparison to healthy control group. In comparison to patients with T1DM, the healthy control group had a substantial increase in serum fructose levels, FSF and FSM levels indicates positive correlation with one another, and a positive correlation was showed between IL-6 with FSG, HbA1c%, BMI, FSF,and FSM. According to the findings, FSF has a substantial role in T1DM development, but FSM plays a non-significant influence. As a result, this variable cannot be used to identify T1DM progression in the initial stages.

THE EFFECT OF GROUP COMPETITIVE EXERCISES ACCORDING TO PLAYING POSITIONS IN DEVELOPING SOME PHYSICAL AND SKILL REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Alaa Ghanem Jaber Al-Sahlani* & Hikmat Abdul Sattar Alwan — 2022-07-20

The study aimed at that the method of training competitions is one of the best methods to stimulate the player’s activity and increase his motivation and enthusiasm towards performance, as it depends on the dynamics of team play similar to performance during training units in preparing and highlighting the physical and skill requirements of the player, and this method also allows training and increasing the players’ experience and speed In making the appropriate decisions and solutions for different situations according to the playing situation, hence the importance of research using competitive exercises in developing some physical and skill requirements for youngsters. Creating modern and appropriate training programs for the players, as it leads them to a low level of performance and thus affects the results of the sports teams. The objectives of the research are to prepare competitive exercises to develop some physical and skill requirements in the foot for juniors, and to identify the impact of the use of competitive exercises on some physical and skill requirements in football for juniors, and to identify on the differences between the pre and posttests.

THE EFFECT OF A PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY ON LEARNING SOME BASIC VOLLEYBALL SKILLS FOR STUDENTS

Asaad Khashin Thajeel*, Abdul Abbas Abdul Jaleel Kareem & Ali Abbas Taher — 2022-07-20

The importance of the research is reflected in the consistency with the modern requirements and directives for education that call for innovation in teaching strategies. Flying for students, including my skills (sending and receiving transmissions) and the economy in time and effort, and the research aimed to identify the impact of problem-solving strategy in learning the skills of sending and receiving transmitters with volleyball for students. - Al-Rifai district for the academic year 2021-2022, and the researchers used the experimental method with two experimental and control groups. The most important conclusions were the superiority of the experimental group that implemented the educational curriculum according to the problem-solving strategy over the control group that implemented the educational curriculum according to the teacher’s style in learning the skills of sending and receiving volleyball for students. For male and female students.

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMINS E ON ALCOHOL (ETHANOL)-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MICE

Mohammed Kareem Jabbar*, Aya Kareem Jabbar & Noor Hassoon Al-Qaraghuli — 2022-07-20

Ethanol liver illness could be a major wellbeing issue around the world. One perspective of ethanol harmfulness that has gotten expanding consideration in later a long time is the part of free radical species within the etiology of liver injury. Vitamins E are cancer prevention agents that rummage at no cost radicals.

Aim: The study of hepatoprotective effects of Vitamins E on the liver damage

Methods: The effect of 20mg Vitamin E as food supplement administered for 21 days was studied on hepatic damage induced by ethanol (2.0ml/100g body weight per oral for 21 days, 40% v/v) in male mice.

Results: The level of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) were greater in the animals nurtured with ethanol (group 2); and levels of these transaminases were absolutely lower in group 3 the impact of ethanol was smaller in group three mice. There was unimportant variance between the group 3 mice (P > 0.05) and control

DESIGN AND STANDARDIZATION OF A TEST TO ASSESS THE STABILITY OF ATTENTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE ACCURACY OF THE FREE THROW OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN WHEELCHAIRS

Hussein Qasim Hasan*, Ahmed Kamil Abas & Laith Ali Mohammed — 2022-07-20

The problem of the research lies through the researchers’ briefing and inquiries about the work of coaches in the institutions specializing in preparing and developing basketball players on wheelchairs, and the modest experience of the researchers. The lack of studies for this age group in terms of physical, skill and psychological indicators that do not specify appropriate measures for their age level. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the stability of attention and the accuracy of correction of the research sample. And finding the correlation between the tests used. the researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of correlative relations in order to suit the nature of the problem. The researchers identified the research community in a deliberate way represented by the teams of the southern region clubs for basketball players on wheelchairs, the number of sample members on which the tests were applied (42 Players represent (3) clubs, where this number constitutes (87.5%) of the original research community of (48) players. Misan Club (15) players, Samawah Club (16) players, and Nasiriyah Club (17) players. The researchers concluded:

The attention stability test and the shooting test for wheelchair basketball players were identified
There is a significant correlation between the tests used under research

The researchers recommended that

1- The trainers and experts should focus on testing the persistence of attention for this category.

THE EFFECT OF THE EDDY AND SHIRE MODEL IN TEACHING SOME BASIC TENNIS SKILLS TO STUDENTS

Abdul Abbas Abdul Jaleel Kareem* & Asaad Khashin Thajeel — 2022-07-20

Researchers in general teaching methods were interested in the process of learning and teaching and sought to develop a curriculum and improve educational strategies and models in the community and this is what the learner needs. It is necessary to provide models that contribute to achieving this goal for learners and to employ what they have learned. The researcher wishes to experiment and influence the Eddy and Shire model in teaching some basic tennis skills to students. As for the problem, it is through the researcher's acquaintance with a number of research and studies, despite the multiplicity of teaching models and through reading and follow-up as well On the researcher's experience as a physical education teacher, he found that there is a clear difficulty among the novice learners in the game in how to perform some basic skills in tennis. It was necessary to use modern models and apply them in the field of physical education, specifically in the game of tennis. The researcher also used the experimental method by designing equivalent groups, either The research sample is “part of the original research community. The research sample was identified by the third stage students.” For the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Thi Qar, their number is (44) students divided into Division (A) and Division (B), which number (12) students for each division. The students who have failed, which are (4) students, as well as the postponed students, whose number is (2) students, and the students and practitioners of the game are (2) students, and one of the most important conclusions is that the (Addy and Shire) model stimulates and encourages students without hesitation, which helps in developing a positive attitude towards the lesson and the educational material. As for the recommendations conducting similar studies concerned with the use of teaching strategies, methods and models that make the learner the focus of the educational process, and the teacher directing and guiding it.

INCIDENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA IN PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP ATTENDING AT AL – HUSSAIN TEACHING MEDICAL CITY, KARBALA, 2015

Ali Abulridha Abbas & Dr. Hazim Moojid Abbas* — 2022-07-25

Our current research includes controlling the presentation and management of complications that may occur in the inguinal hernia in children attending Al-Kadhimiya Medical Education Center, and evaluating the incidence of this condition specifically in newborns (infants) and children. These inguinal hernia cases were randomly studied, in the department of surgery, during the period (1-10 2008 to 31-12-2010).The total number of patients was 350 patients, their ages ranged between 20 days - 12 years, 137 patients under one year, or (39.2%), and 220 patients had a right-sided inguinal hernia (62.8%), while there are 100 cases with them. Left side inguinal hernia (28.6%), while 30 cases had bilateral hernia (8.6%). The cases actually studied are 305 patients (87.2%), 45 patients were admitted as an emergency case (12.8%). There were 83 (23.7%) patients with a history of inguinal hernia among their first relatives and 21 of the studied cases were inherited from their fathers when they were infancy, that is, by (6%). There were 27 cases of patients who had a lateral hernia (7.7%). The successful treatment rate was 83.8%.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METABOLIC SYNDROMES WITH ANTHROPOMETRY MEASUREMENTS IN THE ELDERLY

2022-07-25

This study aims to determine the relationship between (1) metabolic syndrome with BMI, (2) metabolic syndrome with waist circumference, (3) metabolic syndrome with hip circumference, and (4) metabolic syndrome with waist-to-hip circumference ratio. This research is an analytical observational study conducted with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling technique. The instruments used to collect data are scales to measure body weight, a stadiometer to measure height, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference measured using a measuring tape. Metabolic syndrome includes blood pressure, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, HDL, and fasting blood glucose. Data analysis techniques include normality tests and correlation tests. This study shows a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and anthropometric status. The strength of the coefficient parameters is seen in the correlation coefficient. It shows a positive correlation on all research variables with moderate correlation strength on the waist circumference variable (r = 0.476), weak correlation strength on the hip circumference variable (r = 0.331), moderate correlation strength on the RLPP variable (r = 0.416) and the strength of the correlation is weak on the BMI variable (r = 0.363). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the elderly need to do physical activity as an alternative solution to prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

TWO-STAGE BINARY CLASSIFICATION OF FOLLICULAR HISTOLOGY USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Pranshu Saxena* & Anjali Goyal — 2022-07-25

Follicular lymphoma is the second most prevalent non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype. Because of the wide range of clinical and histological symptoms, diagnosing these lymphomas is difficult for professionals. A computer-assisted diagnosis system uses computational vision and image processing techniques to aid in detecting and diagnosing histology sample digitalized images. In this field, studies aimed at enhancing the understanding of morphological features for lymphoma classification remain a concern. This work presents a new two-stage approach for classifying FL histology into respective grades. Before classification, FL histology is undergone with a series of procedures, starting with preprocessing and enhancing the color quality of the image, followed by extracting morphological features of nuclei of lymphoma images. Then these morphological features are fed into a two-stage binary SVM for further classification into FL histological grade. The efficacy of classic multiclass SVM and proposed two-stage binary SVM classifier is presented. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of introducing automated FL tissue diagnosis tools into future pathology processes to enhance pathologists' abilities.

ASSOCIATION OF NRAMP-1 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND VITAMIN –D , IRON AND HB LEVELS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

Mustafa H. Salem* & Ferdous A. Jabir — 2022-07-25

Introduction: COVID-19 is the new types of coronavirus that infected human and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Coronaviruses are enveloped , positive single-stranded big RNA viruses that can infect both humans and animals. The genome size ranges from 26 to 32 kb. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) family represents a well-established method for obtaining and transporting critical transition metal ions, and encoded by SLC11A1 gene. Levels of Iron parameters ,vitamin-D and Hb changed during covid-19 infection

Materials and methods: Participants in this study( cross –sectional study) were 120 persons with the same mean ages and genders . Study groups were 60 covid-19 patients and 60 recovery groups. The serum sample was use to estimate levels of Iron , UIBC and TIBC by Using colorimetric methods . Vitamin-D3 are measured by ELISA kit. Analysis of gene polymorphisms of NRAMP1 gene (3′UTR) was done by using Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in covid-19 patients and recovery groups.

Results: The mean values of Hb ,serum level of vitamin –D , Iron , UIBC , between patient group and recovery group are statistically significant P ≤ 0.05 . where's there was not significant difference between the both groups in NRAMP-1 gene polymorphism .

Conclusion: This study showed significant association between NRAMP-1 gene polymorphism ( TG-/-) with hemoglobin (Hb) and vitamin-D3.